I haven't had the COVID yet (knock on wood), but back in the late 90s I lost my sense of smell due to nasal polyps. For those who get them, most side effects go away in a few days. 5 days after the initial PCR diagnosis. hay fever (allergic rhinitis) nasal polyps. 1, 2 Yet, to our knowledge, little or nothing has been published on the effect of smoking habits – namely, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking time, and the Aug 16, 2022 · In this case, cigarette smoke upregulates the platelet-activating factor receptor, a host receptor co-opted by pneumococci to adhere to cells. The researchers took biopsies deep inside the nasal cavities of patients struggling to regain their smell months after coming Mar 17, 2021 · Published: March 17, 2021. May 17, 2022 · Abstract. Tests have already been developed that measure loss of smell, whether total (anosmia) or partial (hyposmia). According to the Sniffin 'Sticks test, phantosmia was Oct 27, 2017 · Interesting. However, existing evidence indicates that electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS), more commonly referred to as e-cigarettes, are harmful and increase the risk of heart disease and lung disorders. a medication, such as the cholesterol-lowering drug atorvastatin (Lipitor), the blood pressure drug amlodipine (Norvasc), or the antibiotic erythromycin (Erythrocin) a side effect of general anesthesia. "We interviewed more than 280 COVID Jul 16, 2021 · Secondhand cigarette smoke is known to cause health problems, and although there isn’t yet scientific proof that it can spread the coronavirus and cause COVID-19, at least theoretically it’s a possibility. Sudden smell and taste loss has become a well-known symptom of COVID-19. Phantosmia causes people to smell phantom odours, to essentially hallucinate smells, while with parosmia, a known smell is no longer the same. The condition, which causes smell and taste distortions, can mean tucking into a roast turkey with all the trimmings becomes a Sep 14, 2021 · A double-jabbed former smoker claims he can now only smell cigarettes after he caught Covid. , a Mayo Clinic internist and the study's first author. I smoke more inside my home. Older adults and individuals of any age with underlying medical conditions, such as lung disease, seem to be at higher risk for developing severe complications from COVID-19. Just a handful reported metallic taste following vaccinations, she said. Anosmia, as it's called, turns out to be a pretty Dec 11, 2021 · One of the few people to chronicle the loss of smell prior to Covid-19 was Molly Birnbaum, Some smell cigarette smoke or even rotting flesh. Some 86% of people with mild coronavirus cases Mar 18, 2021 · Most of these studies confirmed that cigarette smoking can aggravate COVID-19 symptoms in patients, which may be caused by a variety of chronic diseases related to smoking, especially because smoking can damage lung function and the immune system, causing a reduced ability to fight COVID-19. The harms of tobacco use are well-established. Higher stress was associated with increased cigarette smoking. Mark Cowell, 46, says the bizarre long Covid stench makes him feel like he’s smoking 30 fags a day - and the constant ashtray aroma is making him depressed. Meta-analyses indicated that there was a relative reduction in overall smoking prevalence during the pandemic, while similar proportions of people who smoke smoked more or smoked less, although heterogeneity was high. The patient reported that the parosmia started suddenly after one week of receiving the second dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAd0x1 on August 31, 2021, without any other symptoms. growths in your nose (nasal polyps) It can also be caused by some medicines and, rarely, by more serious conditions like Parkinson’s disease or epilepsy. Smoke particles, which are heterogeneous, tend to be larger at approximately 1 μm ( 7 ). “Secondhand smoke can propel viruses into the air from the nose and throat,” Galiatsatos says. It is the first study of its kind to pool observational and genetic data on smoking and COVID-19 to strengthen the evidence base. Apr 12, 2022 · Smoking behaviour changes during the first phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 were highly mixed. The argument is that smoking is a choice and people who’ve chosen an unhealthy lifestyle shouldn’t be prioritized over people who Jun 5, 2024 · The phantom smell may seem to always be there or it may come and go. May 26, 2021 · ARI SHAPIRO, HOST: Loss of smell has become a hallmark of COVID-19. See full list on healthline. Dr. Specifically, this review was aimed at adding to the existing literature in three main ways: (1) studies included had a sample of 30 or more current and former smokers, (2) only laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were included, and (3) to the extent May 5, 2021 · Health experts say we need at least 70% to 85% of the US population immunized to reach herd immunity and get this pandemic under control. It also can be caused by aging, trauma, temporal lobe seizures, inflamed sinuses, brain tumors, certain medicines and Parkinson's disease. com. Refer patients with parosmia without a clear preceding cause such as covid-19 and those with red flag symptoms. I smoke several cigarettes in a row/chain-smoke due to boredom. During COVID-19 people lose their sense of smell. S. And Mar 25, 2021 · AbScent, a nonprofit dedicated to smell disorders, has had thousands of people write in about their Covid-19 experiences. Smokers may have lower antibody titers after vaccination with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine. There’s no treatment for COVID-related Feb 16, 2021 · For Padden and the many other COVID-19 survivors who haven’t fully regained their sense of smell, it’s been frustrating and saddening at times. It’s thought that the virus makes Dec 12, 2021 · 5. Feb 14, 2023 · Summary. Among cigarette smokers, 45% reported no change in cigarette smoking, and 33% reported increased cigarette smoking since hearing about COVID-19. The 37-year-old contracted coronavirus in November 2020 and at first lost her sense of taste and her Dec 9, 2021 · A 38-year-old male patient without any comorbid conditions consulted the rhinology clinic for a three-month history of post-COVID-19 vaccine severe parosmia. Cigarette smoke Jan 20, 2021 · The role of cigarette smoking/nicotine (or whatever else is contained within cigarette smoke) in the scientific discussion on COVID-19 ignores the fact that smoke cessation has to be discouraged to avoid COVID-19 pulmonary complications (this seems obvious for scientists and physicians) but references the scientific importance of the strong Mar 19, 2021 · A reader wants to know about smoking's impact on the vaccine but didn't specify cigarettes, e-cigs or marijuana. Phantosmia also can result from a COVID-19 infection. She had trouble breathing and her doctor told her to call an ambulance if her lips turned blue HLT: Some have criticized the fact that, based on CDC guidelines, smoking is one of the pre-existing conditions that qualifies someone for priority access to the vaccine in Massachusetts and many other states. Up to 80% of infected people experience it. Some never get it back, or get it back with a distorted odor such as everything smelling like feces, burned toast May 25, 2022 · There is currently limited evidence about the relationship between e-cigarette use and COVID-19. Cigarette smoke and petrol are common but olfactory experiences can be varied. Feb 28, 2021 · BATON ROUGE, La. Phantosmia may be caused by a head injury or upper respiratory infection. If you continue to smoke, you have a greater risk for respiratory infections like pneumonia, colds, or flu. Make sure you’re wearing your masks and washing your hands. 1 The effectiveness in preventing symptomatic COVID‐19 is instead variable between 73% and 91% in patients with complete vaccination and for the currently known variants. Smell loss, or anosmia, is a well-known May 15, 2024 · This means that small droplets and particles of COVID-19 can become aerosolized and hang in the air across distances greater than six feet (think of it like invisible clouds of cigarette smoke) in Jun 2, 2023 · Soon she was smelling scents that weren’t there — a variety of smell dysfunction known as phantosmia. Sulfur with an approximate molecule diameter of 0. I smoke more during phone/video conversations for something to do May 1, 2024 · Some people have no side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine. Loss of smell is one of the first symptoms that has typically been associated with COVID-19, said senior author Bradley Goldstein, associate professor in Duke’s Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences and the Department of Neurobiology. The presence of parosmia is positively associated with better outcomes from olfactory training in Sep 21, 2020 · Smell loss, or anosmia, is such a prevalent symptom of Covid-19 it can be used for diagnosis. 4 Self-reports are inaccurate given that many persons are unaware of a chemosensory disorder before being objectively tested 5-11 and olfaction-related loss of flavor is commonly misidentified Mar 21, 2023 · Introduction. Mark Cowell, 46, says the bizarre long Covid stench makes him feel like he’s smoking 30 fags a day – and the constant ashtray … Nov 22, 2021 · Some say “lemons taste like citronella candles and chocolate tastes like burnt coffee” and others say they smell cigarette smoke everywhere they go. For smokers, the role of nicotine in cigarette smoke is a moot Oct 19, 2023 · Everyone 12 years and older should get 1 dose of an FDA-approved, updated 2023–2024 COVID-19 vaccine. Burnt toast. We first Causes of lost or changed sense of smell. Chemicals. Sep 12, 2021 · A DAD who caught Covid-19 says he can now only smell CIGARETTES. Before and after people become ill with COVID-19, they might lose their sense of smell or taste entirely, or find that familiar things smell or taste bad Aug 30, 2022 · If you smoke, getting FDA-approved medications to quit can save your life long-term. Jun 20, 2023 · Between 20% and 67% of people who get COVID-19 develop some type of smell disorder, depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant they are infected with. Rotting food. 2, 3 Furthermore Feb 27, 2024 · A study published Feb. E-cigarettes also involve secondhand Jun 8, 2021 · Starting in March 2020, studies began to show that smokers were under-represented among COVID-19 patients, suggesting that something in tobacco may offer protection against SARS-COV-2 infection. The brain is usually not the source. If you have received a COVID-19 vaccine recently, you should wait at least 8 weeks after your most recent dose to get the updated 2023–2024 COVID-19 vaccine. 5 ± 9. While most people get their sense of smell back as they recover, some do not. Nine patients admitted to Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Clinic with complaints of a phantom smell sense after an average of 33. ” The findings, published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research, were led by researchers from the University of Wisconsin and included 104,590 hospitalized patients at 21 health systems across the United Sep 12, 2021 · A DAD who caught Covid-19 says he can now only smell CIGARETTES. The aim of this article was to study how this poorly understood qualitative OD manifests itself in the COVID-19. 44: 8. 55: 86. Nov 18, 2020 · 1 day ago. Common causes of dysosmia are head and nose injury, viral damage to the smell system after a bad cold, chronic recurrent sinus infections and allergy, and nasal polyps and tumors. (WAFB) - Louisiana Department release a list of medical conditions that allows those who are 55 to get a COVID-19 vaccine, smoking is on that list. Certain people who have medical conditions or are taking medications that affect Jan 20, 2022 · The current study was aimed at identifying the impact of tobacco use on COVID-19 outcomes. For instance, fever is often referred to as the most common symptom of COVID-19. “If the smoker is positive with coronavirus and you are in close proximity with that person you can contract the virus through cigarette smoke,” University of Sydney Associate Professor Melody Ding said. I smoke more because I have less to do. Reports also link COVID-19 infections to phantom smells like “burned toast” or Feb 16, 2022 · A recently published study from the VASCO project, an ongoing broad Italian study on the response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in HCWs [16,17,18,20], underlined that cigarette smoking affects the ability to form memory cells that are critical to the maintenance of the protective immune response induced by vaccines, as well as smoking being These findings have putatively important implications for patients with COVID-19 because ACE2 has been shown to be the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cells and yet seem in contrast with the consolidated epidemiological data worldwide indicating a low prevalence of active smokers among patients with COVID-19. Safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial to help maximize the current global vaccination campaign against COVID-19, also considering the lack of experience with the massive use of novel mRNA platforms. A large meta-analysis of nine studies ( n = 40,685) reported that current smokers are five times more likely to develop influenza infection than non-smokers [ 28 ]. Sep 29, 2022 · Purpose: One of the long-term symptoms of COVID-19 is phantosmia, a type of Olfactory Disorder (OD) that has deleterious impacts on patients' quality of life. Smoking weakens the immune system, which makes it harder for your body to fight disease. Her home smelled like cigarette smoke without anyone lighting up. Methods: 4691 patients with COVID-19 responded to our online questionnaire Oct 12, 2023 · Many people infected by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, lose their sense of smell and sense of taste. Dec 15, 2023 · An injection that targets nerves in the neck appears to relieve parosmia related to COVID infection in some people, but more rigorous studies are needed. Among E-cigarette users, 41% reported no change in E Sep 5, 2021 · Roughly 60 per cent of women and 48 per cent of men had regained less than 80 per cent of their pre-COVID smell ability six to seven months after being diagnosed with coronavirus. The most common COVID-19 symptoms to look out for along with these eye symptoms include: fever. Just a puff from a cigarette Feb 1, 2022 · Morning Forecast: June 13, 2024. com Sep 12, 2023 · Phantosmia, featured by a burning or smoke odor, has been reported prior in a case of a 57-year-old woman following the administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine. researchers Apr 10, 2023 · Here are some other causes of altered smell: COVID-19 or a cold or sinus infection. Actual smells were distorted beyond recognition — a variety known as parosmia. Garlic, onions and anything fried or charbroiled reeked of decay. For example, Aliee et al. So, to answer your question, we have compiled some studies regarding the smoking Mar 23, 2021 · The study demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure induced loss of ACE2 mRNA expression and did not find any association between ACE2 expression and release of IL-6 from H292 cells exposed to smoke; thus, suggesting that loss of ACE2 in lung cells can be either under the direct effect of nicotine or, some other constituent in cigarette smoke . But for an increasing number of survivors, that reaction is simply the precursor to another The term for this type of olfactory hallucination is dysosmia. This is known as parosmia. rash. 1 Smoking tobacco is also a known risk factor for severe disease and death from many respiratory infections. Goldstein added that many people who experience an altered sense Apr 23, 2024 · However, very few studies have assessed taste and smell function in patients with COVID-19 over intervals of 1 year or more after SARS-CoV-2 infection. ” “Parosmia, which means abnormal sense of smell Aug 1, 2020 · These findings have putatively important implications for patients with COVID-19 because ACE2 has been shown to be the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cells and yet seem in contrast with the consolidated epidemiological data worldwide indicating a low prevalence of active smokers among patients with COVID-19. I smoke more cigarettes now being off work due to COVID-19/ Coronavirus. However, these tests are difficult to carry out on a widespread scale during a pandemic. Sep 29, 2022 · Purpose One of the long-term symptoms of COVID-19 is phantosmia, a type of Olfactory Disorder (OD) that has deleterious impacts on patients’ quality of life. 2-4 In the COVID-19 pandemic, questions have been asked about clinical outcomes for smokers, and whether Anyone can have mild to severe symptoms. But if you’re smelling something that isn’t there, there may be an underlying cause. sinusitis (sinus infection) an allergy, like hay fever. Coffee smelled rancid. Dec 7, 2021 · She’s suffering from something known as parosmia, which can make a normally pleasant smell, smell bad, rotten, or like something else entirely. Mar 7, 2023 · Phantosmia refers to any smell you detect that isn’t actually there. In these instances, sense of smell for other odors is often Jun 9, 2022 · More than a year after their infections, 46% of those who had had COVID-19 still had smell problems; by contrast, just 10% of the control group had developed some smell loss, but for other reasons Feb 16, 2022 · While the role of active smoking on response to vaccines is yet to be fully understood, some real-world studies have outlined a possible link between smoking and humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines. Sep 1, 2021 · Post-vaccine olfactory and gustatory disorders are very rare and were reported in patients who received influenza vaccines. 0004 μm is detectable by smell and could certainly pass through an N95 mask. Cigarette smoke Feb 22, 2021 · Lucy, a patient of mine, contracted COVID-19 in the first wave of the pandemic, before lockdown. Dec 11, 2020 · Experts first recognized anosmia, or the loss of smell, as a common symptom of COVID-19 in late March. – More young people are suffering from “long Covid Smoking is highly likely to worsen the severity of COVID-19 and the risk of dying from the infection, finds a large UK Biobank study published online in the respiratory journal Thorax. (WFLA) – Doctors at a Florida hospital are spreading the word about the link between COVID-19 and “parosmia. cough Feb 3, 2021 · In a research letter published in JAMA Internal Medicine, physicians from the Cleveland Clinic shared an analysis from a patient registry that found cigarette smoking correlated with a higher number of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. However, a The senses of smell and taste are related, and because the coronavirus can affect cells in the nose, having COVID-19 can result in lost or distorted senses of smell (anosmia) or taste. Thus, the present rapid systematic review aimed at summarizing the current epidemiological evidence on this association. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated antibody titers after COVID-19 vaccination based on the level of smokers' cigarette dependence. Sometimes it can be Jun 20, 2023 · While COVID-19 has been associated with a loss of smell (anosmia) in some people, it’s also possible to experience parosmia after having the viral infection. Jan 16, 2021 · Federal guidelines recommend that smokers under the age of 65, considered high-risk for severe Covid-19 symptoms, be eligible for the vaccine in early phases of distribution, frustrating essential Mar 9, 2024 · This may cause lingering achiness in the joints, brain fog, chronic fatigue and dizziness after standing up too suddenly. Smell detects molecules via our olfactory receptors. So we'll discuss all three. Implementation of evidence-based tobacco control policies and programs An expert epidemiologist has told 7NEWS. 28: 39. Dec 13, 2021 · Others smell cigarette smoke, for example, when no odor source is present, a condition called phantosmia. A metallic odor. Rest for about 10 seconds. Methods 4691 patients with COVID-19 responded to our online questionnaire focusing on COVID-19-related OD. Now, investigators at the Monell Chemical Senses Center have teased out the differences Apr 27, 2022 · Parosmia is a common sequelae of smell loss associated with covid-19, with onset on average three months after initial infection. That area also may look reddish on white skin. “Long-haulers” are smelling smoke, rotten vegetables, even feces . 12 in the journal Vaccine reported on an international group of more than 99 million people who received COVID-19 vaccines, primarily finding links to known rare side effects. Pain and swelling where people got the shot is a common side effect. Smell the next odor for approximately 15 seconds. But this is a relatively rare symptom. Also: A refresher in painkiller/vaccine interaction. Dec 14, 2021 · Others smell cigarette smoke, for example, when no odor source is present, a condition called phantosmia. , according to the CDC, but so far researchers have not found a cause-and-effect relationship between smoking and an elevated risk of getting COVID-19 or dying from it. 05: 34. Dec 21, 2022 · An immune assault. D. Jul 11, 2021 · For nine months, Gemma Nelson has been plagued by the smell of smoke, everywhere she goes. Tobacco smoke. (Tobacco is also addictive in a A research group led by Duke Health could be nearing some answers. A May study in the Annals of Internal Medicine found 86 percent of the Covid-positive patients Jan 5, 2022 · Except there was no smoke at all. Oct 7, 2021 · pink eye. LAKELAND, Fla. For Birnbaum, it was “an earthy, garden-y scent Smell is quite another matter. Know the news with the 7NEWS app The challenging biological relationship between cigarette smoke and COVID-19 has also been addressed in some interesting works. Garbage. Father-of-four Mark Cowell, 46, says the side effect smell makes him feel like he's smoking 30 Nov 17, 2020 · Explore the mystery behind unexplained foul scents and their potential link to health issues on this YouTube video. Jul 29, 2021 · COVID-19 can potentially cause burning of your eyes. The aim of this study was to identify Oct 26, 2021 · COVID-19 has claimed more than 730,000 deaths in the U. Nov 19, 2020 · Cigarette smoking, including active, passive and third-hand smoke exposure, is an important risk factor for upper and lower respiratory tract infection [26,27]. Al-Aly said that while many of Covid’s mysteries have been solved Nov 26, 2021 · Vaccine safety has been widely demonstrated as well as their effectiveness in preventing the onset of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). I smoke more at night. Some COVID-19 survivors can’t seem to get rid of lingering, awful smells that aren’t even there. Apr 23, 2020 · Melamed, who is working on the front lines caring for sick COVID-19 patients, said even though the most recent studies on cigarette smoking make intuitive sense to her, more research is needed to Mar 27, 2022 · Whilst most people that experience smell loss post COVID-19 recover their sense of smell and taste within a few weeks, about 10% of cases experience long-term problems, and their smell recovery journey often begins a few months later when everyday items start to smell distorted. Changes in sense of smell are most often caused by: illnesses such as a cold, flu or COVID-19. Feb 17, 2022 · To compare vaccine resistance and smoking seems to overlook an obvious and important difference: COVID is an infectious disease and tobacco use isn’t. Tobacco causes 8 million deaths every year from cardiovascular diseases, lung disorders, cancers, diabetes, and hypertension. These symptoms, or combinations of symptoms, generally appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus and may prompt you to suspect Jan 21, 2023 · Therefore, we explored the association between tobacco use (cigarette smoking and the Swedish smokeless tobacco snus) and COVID-19 in a longitudinal study based on a historical cohort of clients Jun 18, 2024 · Scientists are still learning about the disease, but we know that: Being a current smoker increases your risk for severe illness from COVID-19. 9. But if you have COVID, it may save your life more immediately. Jan 28, 2021 · The algorithms worked because people with Covid used very different words to talk about smell than those without it; even those who hadn’t fully lost their olfaction still tended to describe Feb 20, 2024 · Among all the other symptoms of mild COVID-19 — exhaustion, coughs, fevers — one has stood out as the weirdest: losing your sense of smell. A COVID-19 vaccine can cause mild side effects after the first or second dose. Nov 4, 2020 · I smell nothing but cigarette smoke for the last 3 days and it’s driving me insane. Jun 30, 2020 · Background. But most people describe unpleasant smells, such as: Burning rubber. 4. A moldy or stale smell. Smelling burned toast does not indicate anything medical. Out of 7,102 patients included in the review, 6,020 had never smoked, 910 were former smokers, and 172 smoke. Benowitz and colleagues 8 go on to consider the effects of nicotine—and other constituents of tobacco products—per se on COVID-19. The evidence remains inconclusive, but it seems that some public health experts and journalists don't want to get to the bottom of this mystery. Phantosmia is a condition that causes Apr 27, 2021 · And the common question amongst smokers is that if they can smoke after taking the first jab of COVID-19 Vaccine. “Everything smells like cigarettes,” Sabol said. In this study, we measured the level of serum anti-severe acute Jan 13, 2022 · "The study was designed to compare the frequency of common COVID-19 symptoms, such as loss of taste or smell, headache, muscle aches and chest tightness in COVID patients who vaped, compared with those who were not vapers," says David McFadden, M. In this article, we report 6 cases of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine olfactory and gustatory disorders in patients with negative nasal swabs. “If getting through COVID-19 is like running a 100-meter dash, smokers are having to carry sandbags with them while Nov 17, 2021 · Seiberling suggests the following guidelines for each three-month cycle of smelling an odor set: Choose one odor and smell it for approximately 15 seconds while trying to remember what it once smelled like. 6 Similar to our case, symptoms were not associated with a concurrent COVID-19 infection ruled out via a COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test. 37: 3. More than 10% of the infected with COVID-19 may suffer prolonged anosmia, often more than one year from the onset of the disease 17, 23. Cigarette smoking also causes excessive airway Jul 15, 2022 · At least 40% of COVID-19 patients reported anosmia as an early sign of the disease, and nearly 70% of patients with OD claimed a reduced quality of life due to smell loss 13, 22. However, individuals with COVID-19 may have some, all, or none of the above symptoms. Had sinus surgery to remove them and regained my ability to smell, but experienced the same ever-present scent of stale tobacco you're enjoying. au that COVID-19 can spread through cigarette smoke. The father-of-four was double-jabbed with the AstraZeneca vaccine but still caught the virus last month. This was the case even before Covid-19 and we anticipate that there will be an increase in the problem which is why we made this factsheet. Once-pleasing food Mar 12, 2021 · Phantosmia has been described as a sense of smell without a true stimulating odor and not been reported with COVID-19 disease. Most people with phantosmia report it as an intermittent smell of something burnt, foul or unpleasant. For some people, these odors are pleasant, like freshly baked sweets. reported that the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2; the main SARS-CoV-2 host receptor) in the nasal mucosa does not differ between current and never smokers, thus Dec 25, 2021 · Christmas is a cruel holiday for sufferers of Covid-induced parosmia. Even being recovered from covid I’m still Oct 6, 2021 · A total of 1,024 past 6–month cigarette smokers/E-cigarette users were surveyed. ks cx vy le pc ri qn ab mg pt