Civil court case dismissed uk

2d 54, 60 9 (D. Trimble v. Texas Rules of Civil Procedure 91a offers a way to ask the court to dismiss a frivolous lawsuit. This is sometimes called the “return date,” or the date the motion is Apr 23, 2017 · Nonsuit. The notice may give the parties a deadline to take actions to move the case forward. Under Rule 3. Just weeks ago, speculation was mounting that his team might Jan 23, 2023 · Yes. The maximum award for a wrongful dismissal claim at an employment tribunal is £25,000. Court rules - rules that you have to follow when taking a case. According to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 41(a), a plaintiff may also voluntarily dismiss an action by choosing to drop the case or by reaching an out of court settlement with the defendant. co. It is the final court of appeal for all UK civil cases. The other side has the chance to respond to the motion to dismiss. However, for defendants facing a trial, the best outcome is obviously to Types of Dismissed Cases. You may discontinue a prosecution by: withdrawing all charges; or Mar 1, 2024 · An involuntary dismissal is the legal term for when the trial court judge dismisses the case without being asked to do so by the prosecutor or plaintiff. High Court. It may either be discontinued under CPR Part 38 or it may be dismissed. The defendant can apply in writing to the Crown Court after service of prosecution evidence but before arraignment, asking for charges to be dismissed Give parties an order customised to their case. Understanding precisely how courts treat dismissed cases In most Canadian jurisdictions, a plaintiff’s claim can be dismissed for delay. 4, the court can ‘strike out’ the whole or part of a Jan 31, 2018 · These lead to special situations when case reopening is required. Save the form (in your ‘documents’ folder Jul 13, 2021 · However, if the evidence is clearly not sufficient to establish probable cause, then the attorney for the defendant would make a motion to dismiss the charge, and the judge would grant the motion and dismiss the case. uk and we will get back to you promptly. Jun 15, 2021 · The claimant appealed to the Court of Appeal. 01 (1) A defendant who is not in default under these rules or an order of the court may move to have an action dismissed for delay where the plaintiff has failed, Civil Appeals. To explore this concept, consider the dismissed with prejudice definition. May 6, 2024 · A motion to dismiss is a formal request by a party to the court to dismiss a case. What you’ll pay tax and National Insurance on Nov 27, 2023 · Having a case dismissed, whether with or without prejudice, always involves frustrating financial and emotional consequences. That is what "with prejudice" means. Should a party not follow an order, the sheriff may make a decision in the case, including: Dismissing the claim or part of the claim. Contrast with dismissal without prejudice, where the plaintiff may subsequently bring their claim in another court. 2017. For bulk data sales or to inquire about FTP access, contact the Data Sales desk at datasales@cco. Unless otherwise stated in the notice of dismissal or stipulation, the dismissal is without prejudice. ”. At the moment the combined value of the issue and hearing fee for unfair dismissal claims is £1,200. Serve the other side with a copy of the dismissal papers. If you are a member, you can view it here. You must pay a court fee to appeal. Depending on the reason for the dismissal, one of the following might apply: automatically unfair dismissal; wrongful dismissal; Appealing a dismissal. It’s a baseline rule in law. You normally have a right to appeal a final order of dismissal provided that you initiate your appeal within the time required by state law. A dismissal, in effect, denies the plaintiff’s claim to the money requested in the Small Claims Complaint (or a counterclaim), even though the merits of the case have never been heard by the court. The deadline to unilaterally dismiss varies among jurisdictions. Carefully analyzing the dismissal grounds and evaluating strategic options for appeals, settlement talks, mediation, or case refiling will guide next steps. company benefits, for example bonuses. If you already have a user ID and password to access eCourts, Evidence Submission, Judiciary Electronic Document Submission (JEDS) or Municipal Case Resolution, you must use those credentials. The 1982 Act did not require the UK When a small claims case is “dismissed,” the court terminates the case without a trial and prior to the case’s completion. , the Supreme Court Sep 5, 2023 · In conclusion, “case closed” and “case dismissed” are two distinct legal outcomes that have varying implications for the parties involved. These rulings identify important lessons for employers and in The civil courts also have a process to ensure awards can be enforced. Under the new rule, after 10 months of inactivity a party or the judge or the A dismissal refers to the court’s decision to terminate a court case without imposing liability on the defendant. In a motion for summary judgment one side asks the court to decide the case based on arguments made in court Jan 12, 2022 · 12 January 2022. A nonsuit is a motion filed by a defendant to be released from a civil lawsuit, usually because the plaintiff has failed to pursue the lawsuit in a timely manner. According to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) 41 (a), a plaintiff may also voluntarily dismiss an action by choosing to drop Nov 16, 2016 · Court fees. A dismissed case means that a lawsuit is closed with no finding of guilt and no conviction for the defendant in a criminal case by a court of law. Applications for leave to appeal against decisions made by the Crown Court are dealt with by the Court of Appeal Criminal County court judgement (CCJ) - a decision made by a judge in a county court. The prosecutor has the right to discontinue the prosecution at any time before trial or up to close of the prosecution case. A Motion to Dismiss is often filed by a defendant immediately after the lawsuit has been served, but may be filed at any time during the proceedings. v. There is no such cap in the civil courts. The reason for doing this is to release Jun 11, 2018 · Posted on Jun 17, 2018. £365. The Court may decide to agree with all or part of your appeal, dismiss your appeal or order a retrial. For this RULE 24 DISMISSAL OF ACTION FOR DELAY WHERE AVAILABLE 24. For example, if a litigant seeks to have his court ordered child support reduced, and the Court dismisses the case, the effect of that dismissal is that the previously ordered child support remains in effect. May 20, 2021 · Because wrongful dismissal claims are only concerned with whether your employer was in ‘breach of contract’, you are able to pursue your claim via the Employment Tribunal or Civil Courts. The High Court of Justice in London, together with the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court, are the Senior Courts of England and Wales. It's $10. Virginia Roberts. 5m for disability discrimination and harassment has garnered a lot of headlines recently. C. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Here, the Court has dismissed the two claims which Plaintiff contends arise under federal law. May 1, 2024 · Fee. net or call 713-274-6390. Jul 3, 2020 · An employee can bring a wrongful dismissal claim in either an employment tribunal or a Civil Court. Dec 18, 2023 · The case — Jane Do e, et al. Criminal courtsIn 2021, magistrates’ courts in England and Wales received 1. Understanding precisely how courts treat dismissed cases We can attempt to get the Police to drop the charges. (2) Dismissal on Clerk's Motion. Contact our specialist wrongful dismissal solicitors today on 03456 381381 or email your details to employmentlaw4you@ibblaw. Understanding what happens when a case is dismissed in court in the UK is essential for anyone involved in legal proceedings. If it is a criminal case obtain a certification of disposition from the criminal clerk, if it is a civil matter obtain a copy of the order of dismissal or the stipulation to dismiss. It couldn't have been a worse result for Prince Andrew. hctx. Decisions of the Court of Appeal are taken by a majority. Small claims are lower value civil cases, rather than disputes of complexity or high value. First-time users must register with the New Jersey Courts to access the civil case system. Most cases never have a trial. In all civil cases in which no action of record has occurred during the previous 12 months, the clerk of the superior court shall notify the attorneys of record by mail that the . The lawsuit alleged that Sundar Iyer and Ramana Kompella, two high-caste men of Indian descent, harassed and discriminated against the lower-caste or Dalit engineer. The vast majority of Civil cases tried in court do not have a jury (libel and slander trials are the main exceptions). (a) Voluntary Dismissal. A document filed with the court asking the judge to throw out certain claims in a civil or criminal case, or to throw out the case altogether, is called a “ Motion to Dismiss. District judge - full-time judges who deal with the majority of cases in the courts. To succeed, the applicant will need to satisfy the Court that there is no merit in the other side’s case. Even though the defendant was not convicted, a dismissed case does not prove that the defendant is factually innocent for the crime for which he or she was arrested. publicly Instructions. [5] on the issue of dormant claims. A court can dismiss an action for several reasons that are procedural in nature, including: Whether the action was properly served upon the defendant(s) Whether the court the action has been brought before has jurisdiction to decide the case Aug 19, 2023 · An early dismissal means the case against the defendant has been dropped due to procedural errors, lack of evidence or violations of constitutional rights – an essential step toward providing fair justice systems and procedures. 2014. The date the motion will be heard by the court. Judges can do this for numerous reasons, including: A. Fill out your court forms. These figures give a summary overview of the volume of civil and judicial review cases dealt with by the courts over time and the overall timeliness of these cases Aug 8, 2013 · The Court of Appeal has overturned a decision of the EAT and restored a tribunal's decision that an employee had not been unfairly dismissed for theft. A judge hearing a Civil case. The deadline for this response varies by state and is listed in each state’s civil procedure rules. The reasons for a dismissal vary greatly. Some Hindu Mar 5, 2014 · Article 6 of the ECHR states that, "in the determination of civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law". 1(c), 23. County court. Feb 21, 2014 · In general, a civil action dismissed with prejudice cannot be refilled. When a case is dismissed with prejudice, the plaintiff is barred from filing a lawsuit on the same issue at a later date. You must fill in all the information on the Notice of Motion before you serve it (otherwise your motion will be defective), including: 1. The news that a dismissed employee was awarded more than £2. That means that almost anyone is able to file a lawsuit for whatever reason, hail a party into court, and the judge may dispose of the lawsuit based only on a narrow cases on any of these tracks are known as ‘civil’ claims. 2016. Save the form (in your ‘documents’ folder, for example Mar 17, 2022 · Published by Camilla Uppal at March 17, 2022. The CPS could agree to you receiving a caution in some cases. Subject to Rules 23(e), 23. The same legislation distinguishes between the situations a case can be reopened and appealed. 3. The Supreme Court is the most senior court in the UK. Batger & Co. The key difference lies in the stage at which these outcomes occur. Oct 21, 2022 · A New York court has dismissed a sexual assault lawsuit against the actor Kevin Spacey. The judge will go over the motion and the other side's response. 14 million cases and disposed of 1. Its name is abbreviated as EWHC for legal citation purposes. This follows from section 108 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (MCA 1980). A civil claim is dealt with by the civil courts, the county court or the High c ourt. Settlement: Approximately 95% of civil cases reach settlements at some stage (can be before, after, or during the trial ). A motion to dismiss might be called an “application for order of dismissal” in some courts. However, there have been several other decisions this year which have highlighted Contact our wrongful dismissal solicitors today. In coming to its decision, the Court of Appeal confirmed the following points: when considering an order for re-engagement, the practicability of the employer complying with the order must be considered. 2, and 66 and any applicable federal statute, the plaintiff may dismiss an action without a court order by filing: (i) a notice of dismissal before the opposing party serves either an answer or a motion for summary judgment; or Note: Your court's self-help center may be able to help you. If you have been wrongfully dismissed, you could be entitled to compensation. 2011) (declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over District of Columbia statutory and common law claims after dismissal of civil rights claim brought under 42 U. § 1983). Often, the defendant files this type of motion shortly after receiving the complaint and before engaging in further legal proceedings. Before trying a Civil case the judge will read the relevant case papers and becomes familiar with their details. The case was brought by Anthony Rapp, who says the actor inappropriately touched him at a party in 1986 when For Crown and county courts you can appeal both civil and criminal cases, but it would be necessary to seek permission or ‘leave’ from a judge before an appeal can be made against a conviction in a criminal case. PA Media. For example, the Court can dismiss a case for "want of prosecution. Apr 11, 2024 · You need to file it with the proper court, and it must be served to the opposing party. If you see the letters DJ in front of the judge Apr 1, 2013 · To view or print a free civil court form, you may refer to Notice of Motion. If one charge of many is dropped, the remaining charges may still be pursued. Cases involving a dispute over the right to representation may bring into play Article 6. A plaintiff may file a notice of dismissal once without permission of the court or defendant before a certain stage in the lawsuit. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP): The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure contains the guidelines for a ype and tier of court. (A) Without a Court Order. This strategy usually challenges the case before Jul 6, 2013 · Go to the court and purchase a Certificate of Disposition. Unlike unfair dismissal claims, employees do not have to have been employed for two years to claim wrongful dismissal. However, a dismissed case does not indicate that the defendant is truly innocent of the offense they were arrested for, even if the defendant was not convicted. Best of all contact your lawyer for proof of dismissal. In William Link v. The time limit to make a tribunal claim is three months less a day*, and the time limit to make a Nov 22, 2021 · However, readers will probably not be too surprised to learn that the courts do not take such action lightly, as shown in the recent case of USAF Nominee No 18 Limited v. This pretrial motion is often filed before a criminal or civil case begins. A worker who was absent for 808 shifts over a 20-year career – costing the firm an estimated £95,850 in sick pay – won an unfair dismissal claim after a tribunal found his former employer had not followed its own absence management procedures. Involuntary dismissals can be done without prejudice, allowing the prosecutor or plaintiff to refile the case. Bulk Data Sales. Supreme Court. There are certain misconceptions surrounding case dismissal that need to be dispelled; many think dismissal means Nov 10, 2016 · But, despite this frequent view that lawsuits can easily be dismissed, the reality in America is that everyone enjoys the fundamental right to be heard and have their day in court. If the case is noted for trial before the hearing on the motion, the action shall not be dismissed. Jun 27, 2023 · President Donald Trump ’s eldest daughter Ivanka Trump has been dismissed from a civil fraud case against her family and their real estate company. The reasons you leave your job must be serious, for The Essence of Dismissal With Prejudice. 4. Oct 25, 2012 · As the Court of Appeal notes, there is no such thing as ‘withdrawing’ proceedings: Under the CPR an action cannot be withdrawn. If you appeal directly to the Court of Appeal you will have to pay £626. Supp. In a criminal case, a case is dismissed when there is no conviction for the defendant and no finding of guilt by a court of law. If you go to the Court of Appeal after a lower court or tribunal gives Jan 21, 2021 · As a starting point, appeals from the magistrates’ court to the Crown Court are normally only available in criminal cases. In 1987, the Alberta Court of Appeal in Lethbridge Motors Co. Wabash Railroad Co. In its judgment, the Court of Appeal dismissed the Claimant’s case. So you probably cannot file, say, an amended complaint or a new case raising the same claim. Either side can make a motion for summary judgment after an Answer has been filed in the case. Ltd. 4 Of the cases received, 76% were for summary offences or breaches, which can be resolved in a magistrates. Mr Trump became the first former president in more than 100 When a case is “disposed,” it means that it has reached its final resolution, typically after going through the legal process. Fortunately, the UK legislation provides specific regulations under which a case can be reopened. Sep 6, 2015 · Dismissed with prejudice means that a civil lawsuit has been dismissed based on merits of the case after a judgement has been issued. (A) Notice. How a prosecution may be discontinued . Unlike dismissals without prejudice, which allow for the possibility of refiling, a Dismissed With Prejudice verdict means the case is over for good. High Court (including possession claims) £626. 17 million. Depending on the nature of the court order an appeal may be taken to the sheriff principal of the Sheriffdom in which the case was heard or in some cases to the Court of Session. " Learn more at How to Retain or Reinstate a Case Dismissed by the Court. 2. A Motion to Dismiss asks the judge to dismiss the plaintiff’s case. There are time limits which apply. Right-click on the document link then select ‘Save link as’ or ‘Download linked file’. S. There are many reasons for a court Nov 30, 2016 · A constructive dismissal, in accordance with s. The lawsuit against Cisco is still ongoing and a mediation conference has been scheduled for May 2. 95 (1) (c) ERA 1996, is one where the employer has not dismissed the employee, but the employee has terminated his employment with, or without notice, in circumstances where they were entitled to do so by virtue of the employer’s conduct, writes Alan Lewis, employment partner at Irwin Mitchell. Dec 14, 2015 · In Kleinwort Benson, the court said that it did not have jurisdiction to give a preliminary ruling on the interpretation of articles 5(1) and (3) of the Brussels Convention where the issue was the true interpretation of the 1982 Act in an intra-UK jurisdiction case to which the Convention did not apply. If an employee thinks their dismissal was unfair and wants to challenge it, they can appeal through their employer's appeal process. (1) By the Plaintiff. Contrasting decisions were reached in Accattatis v Fortuna Group (London) Ltd [2021] and Gibson v Lothian Leisure [2021]. If charges are dropped after the trial begins, the prosecution must request the court to allow the charges to be dropped, and the court may or may not give their consent. By Dominic Casciani, Home and legal correspondent. B. A small claims Jun 1, 2016 · Follow these steps: Download Adobe Reader for free. A dismissal with prejudice is a legal determination that closes the door on a case being brought back to court on the same grounds. File the Notice of Entry of Dismissal and Proof of Service (Form CIV-120) Nov 6, 2023 · Donald Trump has demanded the $250m civil fraud case against him be dismissed as he left court after a remarkable day of testimony. If you’re dismissed you may get a ‘termination payment’. taking photos or shouting out in court. There are other ways that a case can be dismissed in specific situations. While “case closed” signifies the conclusion of legal proceedings without specifying guilt or innocence, “case dismissed” represents a more favorable outcome, suggesting that the charges Apr 3, 2018 · Whether or not a dismissal is a “good” thing depends on which side of the case one is on. 1. If no date is set, you must file your appellant’s notice within 21 Strike Out applications. After the pretrial hearing, an action may only be dismissed by agreement of the parties or by the court. As with criminal proceedings, the unsuccessful party in a civil action has the opportunity to appeal the decision. The plaintiff’s case is pled within the complaint, which is a formal document filed at the beginning of a civil lawsuit. Jun 1, 1999 · 1. While a dismissal can signal the end of a legal battle, it’s important to understand its implications and the potential next steps. Oct 1, 2023 · (a) a claimant must obtain the permission of the court if they wish to discontinue all or part of a claim in relation to which – (i) the court has granted an interim injunction (GL); or (ii) Brighton Magistrates Court dismissed a case of harassment following successful arguments that the Police and Prosecution had failed in their duties to effectively pursue all lines of enquiry in their investigation, as well as fail to disclose crucially relevant material. Court rules for civil claims are set out in the Civil Procedure Rules. The court explained the “sleeping Nov 27, 2023 · Having a case dismissed, whether with or without prejudice, always involves frustrating financial and emotional consequences. An action may be dismissed by the plaintiff without an order of court by filing a notice of dismissal at any time before pretrial. Constructive dismissal is when you’re forced to leave your job against your will because of your employer’s conduct. For many years, under the Rules of Civil Procedure a case that was dormant could be dismissed if there was no record activity for 12 months. Oct 1, 2018 · Court cases can be decided in a number of ways. In some jurisdictions, a nonsuit may be filed by a plaintiff to dismiss one or more defendants from a lawsuit while keeping others. This could include: holiday pay. Of course, if the judge denies Apr 10, 2023 · The California Civil Rights Department has dismissed its caste discrimination lawsuit against two Cisco engineers. It deals at first instance with all high value and high importance civil law (non-criminal) cases, and also has a supervisory Oct 26, 2018 · A motion to dismiss does just that – it asks for a dismissal of the case altogether. Prince Andrew's lawyer told Judge Lewis A Contempt of court includes: disobeying or ignoring a court order. In this case the TCC demonstrated again just how hard it is to have a claim struck out Aug 12, 2023 · This practice note provides guidance for legal practitioners on making an application to dismiss charges in the Crown Court under paragraph 2 (1) of Schedule 3 to the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. For a charge to be dropped, the prosecutor will either withdraw some or all charges. What is a ‘strike out’? If a case is ‘struck out’ it means the Court has dismissed it without a full hearing of all of the evidence. The court may dismiss a case in response to a defendant’s motion to dismiss or do so sua sponte (voluntarily). unpaid wages. You can’t advance a case which isn’t recognised by law. A New York appeals court on Tuesday rejected Jun 26, 2024 · A motion to dismiss is an attempt by either side (the defense or the prosecution) to have a case thrown out by the courts. Under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 41 (b), the default rule is that a dismissal is considered an “adjudication on the merits,” and therefore with prejudice. In federal court and Indiana, the plaintiff must file the notice before the defendant answers, or responds, to the complaint or files a motion for Jul 6, 2021 · These include two recent claims in which employees raised concerns about health and safety issues in the workplace and were then dismissed by their employers. D. If you are seeking to bring an Unfair Dismissal claim you will need to pay the Tribunal two fees: (i) an issue fee; and (ii) a hearing fee. Then, the rules of procedure was amended, in 2005, making it nearly impossible to get rid of a case. t ypically small The court will usually send a notice to the parties telling them that it plans to dismiss the case before dismissing it. Employment tribunal If an employee successfully shows that their employer, in dismissing them, breached their contract of employment and thus caused the employee loss, the employee will be able to claim damages against the employer in an Oct 5, 2023 · Decision date: 22 March 2024. There are particular rules governing how a civil case may proceed; these are Civil Procedure Rules. Prince Andrew, Virginia Roberts (now Giuffre) and Ghislaine Maxwell in 2001. Jan 4, 2022 · A US judge will decide "soon" whether a civil sex assault case against the Duke of York will be dismissed, following the latest hearing in New York. Daniel Cameron, et al. Apr 30, 2024 · The date by which you must file your appeal will usually be given on the order you received giving you permission to appeal. Mar 25, 2015 · Motion to Dismiss. Attorneys must use their assigned attorney bar presumption of prejudice of an expired limitation period that emerged in the case law. DONATE. There are only a few circumstances which can lead to a UK court to reopen a case. Constructive dismissal. Jan 12, 2022 · 12 January 2022. The standard orders can be viewed on the SCTS website here. t hey are nothing to do with criminal, family or insolvency law. [4] adopted the reasoning of Lord Salmon of the House of Lords in Fitzpatrick v. The court may dismiss a case in response to a defendant’s motion to dismiss or do so sua sponte. Awarding the claimant some or all of what was asked for in the Claim Form. A motion for summary judgment can decide all or part of a case. The defendant will move to dismiss the plaintiff’s complaint, and the plaintiff will move to dismiss the defendant’s counterclaims. — was brought by Jane Doe and Planned Parenthood Great Northwest, Hawai‘i, Alaska, Indiana, Kentucky, who are represented by attorneys from the American Civil Liberties Union, the ACLU of Kentucky, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Craig Henry PLC, and O’Melveny & Myers LLP. After that time, the prosecution can only be discontinued with the consent of the court. The tribunal's decision was not perverse, since it had asked the right questions and come to a considered conclusion about the issues presented before it. If your case was dismissed for one of these reasons, you can ask to set aside or "undo" the dismissal. A motion to dismiss the complaint can be filed by either side at any time. Some fees actually have to be paid to the Employment Tribunal itself. 2015. This is sometimes known as 'short service dismissal'. refusing to answer the court’s questions if you’re called as a witness. Download Adobe Reader for free. File your forms at the courthouse where you filed your case. Claims advanced at Employment Tribunal are subject to a statutory cap of £25,000 and will need to be brought within the time limit of 3 months (less 1 A motion to dismiss is a formal request for a court to dismiss a case. Help ILAO open opportunities for justice. Read the full decision in Ms K Hargreaves v I Ambrose and others Dec 22, 2022 · There are 3 routes for victims and their families to receive compensation within the justice system: Criminal compensation orders made by criminal courts – the offender is ordered to make Dec 20, 2021 · Worker absent for 800 shifts during career was unfairly dismissed, tribunal finds. District of Columbia, 779 F. If you file an application for a non-money claim (other than a claim for possession of land or recovery of goods) and a For those rare cases where the case will not turn on the oral evidence of the witnesses, there is a procedure known as “summary judgment” in which a party may apply to the Court to have the claim or defence dismissed without a full trial. Read the full decision in Ms K Hargreaves v I Ambrose and others: 2407961/2022 - Preliminary. A complaint is considered a pleading. applications to strike out (no claim, abuse of process, delay & restoration) You can have a perfectly good legal claim, not plead it properly, and still have the claim struck out. Prince Andrew is to face a civil case in the US over allegations he sexually Jul 8, 2021 · Published in the Employment Law Journal Issue 222 (July/August 2021). American Motors (Canada) Ltd. On the other hand, when a case is “dismissed,” it means that the court has decided to terminate the case before reaching a resolution. In some cases, it may be possible to negotiate with the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) for you to accept a lesser charge, avoiding the need for a trial. Watkin Jones & Son Limited [2021], heard in the Technology and Construction Court (TCC). In addition, some appeals concerning gaming and betting licences lie from the magistrates’ court to the Crown Court. A motion is a request for a judge to do something. Dec 22, 2014 · 2018. aw pl rq rg lu ic ms tm vi vm